Culture Plays an Important Role for the Success of Negotiation Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Generally, culture is an important factor that influences the way an individual perceives, communicates as well as behaves with others in an organisation. Cultural differences between employees of an organisation are more likely to create a barrier that has a negative impact on the negotiation process. This difference in culture makes it difficult for the negotiators to solve the dispute despite sufficient experience and skills. The parties to negotiation may possess different cultures as a result of which they may view the objective of negotiation differently (Wani 104-111). Some parties may consider negotiation as a way to build strong relations among themselves, while the other party may believe it to be a business deal. For example, the main aim of the American negotiators is to solve the dispute in the first phase of conflict resolution. On the other hand, the people of Asia are more interested in developing relationships, which is the core of improving good business among orga nizations. Therefore, it is essential to understand the culture to distinguish the negotiation goal as perceived by the dispute parties. The difference in culture influences the negotiating attitude of the parties. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture Plays an Important Role for the Success of Negotiation or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page An individual with informal feature is likely to develop strong bonding with other people easily as they are friendlier in dealing with others as compared to the persons with formal nature (Wani 104-111). Moreover, the way of communication is also diverse among different cultures that influence the conflict resolution process considerably.

Essay about Book Review For Hairs Carnival Of Fury

William Ivy Hairs Carnival of Fury elaborates on the life of Robert Charles and the events leading New Orleans to the race riot of 1900. Hair quoted newspaper articles printed during Charles life to include societys reaction and provide a white-Southern perspective of African Americans. Hairs original objective was to uncover what Charles experienced during his youth, and discover what prompted him to shoot innocent people from the second floor of 1208 Saratoga St. on July 27, 1900. Although the South vilified Charles and deemed him the catalyst for the race riot, Hair sought to clarify Charles motives and discover what led him to commit senseless violence. Hairs first chapter described the birthplace of Robert†¦show more content†¦Segregation and voter harassment were prevalent as well in New Orleans. The most popular afternoon newspaper States, was edited and published by Henry J. Hearsey, an individual who sincerely hated Negroes, and called for their extermin ation. (91) The next chapter dealt with testimonies from people who knew Charles while he lived in New Orleans. Charles was keenly interested in the prospect of African migration and for a time advocated it. Charles was described as someone who deeply resented the disfranchisement of his race in Louisiana. (107). Charles was deeply infuriated when he learned of a gruesome lynching near Newnan, Georgia. This chapter also included Charles exchanging fire with two New Orleans patrolmen and fleeing. The next chapter included Charles murder of two police officers, and afterward sought refuge at 1208 Saratoga St. The next chapter consists of white rioters beating and murdering innocent people in search of Charles. Finally, the remaining chapters dealt with Charles ultimate gun battle between he and the whites of New Orleans, and the implications that arose after Charles was killed. Hair states that If Robert Charles had remained all his life in that remote sharecroppers cabin along Bayou Pierre, New Orleans might still have had a race riot before the summer of 1900 was over. (137) Hair defended this statement with Hostility between whites and blacks in the city had beenShow MoreRelatedBook Review for Hairs Carnival of Fury Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Ivy Hair., Carnival of Fury: Robert Charles and the New Orleans Race Riot of 1900 (Louisiana State University Press, 1976). William Ivy Hairs Carnival of Fury elaborates on the life of Robert Charles and the events leading New Orleans to the race riot of 1900. Hair quoted newspaper articles printed during Charles life to include societys reaction and provide a white-Southern perspective of African Americans. Hairs original objective was to uncover what Charles experienced

Cultural Differences in International Projects-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Issues in Management. Answer: The international projects have several issues including the management of the cultural diversity in an international scenario. There are several issues in the workplace when a number of people come together from diverse backgrounds. This critique would discuss about the issue of cultural differences in international projects. It would also define the potential gaps between the literature and the actual practice, which is observed in relation with this particular project management issue. Discussion The main article named Managing cultural differences in international projects is being selected for critical analysis. The article discussed the issue of cross cultural conflict arising in international project management. The objective of the article is to understand the nature of the cultural differences as well as cultural conflicts that hinder the successful completion of the projects (Anbari et al. 2010). These kinds of issues often stimulate the cultural misunderstandings and often pose risk to the project status. The theory of the cultural differences such as Hofstedes cultural dimension theory is integrated with the practical cross cultural issues of the project management (Rallapalli and Montgomery 2015). The rationale behind the selection of this project management issue is the growing number of the international projects, which implies that there would be an increasing number of the cultural differences. The multinational companies are invading the foreign locations owing to better business prospects there. This implies that there would be greater number of cross cultural conflicts, which may pose threats for the smooth project management. Hence, it is important to understand the different attributes of the article managing cultural difference in international projects was successful in briefly analyzing the issue of cross cultural problems. The introduction was successful in giving a hint to the readers regarding the issue of cross cultural issues in the organizations and that may interfere in the project completion. The context of the problem along with the proper background information is identified in detail. The solution to the issue of the project management is also underlined . The author is successful in giving the appropriate examples of the successful projects as well as failed projects. However, more appropriate examples could have been given for the successful projects and the failed ones. The comparative analysis of the successful as well as failed projects is outlined, which gave a fairly good idea about the type of projects. The second article on Dealing with cultural diversity in project management by Obikunle focused on the cultural diversity issues in the project management (Obikunle 2002). The main theme of the article focused on the fact that project managers do face difficulties in dealing with the people in different cultures while performing the project. The analysis covered the fact that the verbal as well as non-verbal communication issues are one of the most important one in the cross cultural conflicts. The article was successful in analyzing the problems of the international project management and the opportunities that they are missing in this process. It has been emphasized that cross cultural management would lead to a difficulty in the communication process. This article failed to identify the cross cultural issues beyond the issues of improper communication owing to difference in language and the dialects of the region (Schenone et al. 2017). There is a gap between the theories and the actual implementation of the same. In real world, the cross cultural issues may be more than only the communication aspect. There can be difference in coordination, allocation of tasks and updating regarding the task completion (Oh et al. 2017). This may also hamper the relationship between suppliers and different vendors and the delivery dates of the project. There may be considerable financial loss for this kind of cross border issues in the project management (Kardes et al. 2013). In reality, the cross cultural teams may have issues with the transparency, relationship building and trust among the project team members. There are interpersonal issues with less interaction between the team members and hence there would be hindrance to the transmission of skills and knowledge. Conclusion This paper identified one of the critical issues of the project management, that is, the cross cultural conflict or the cross cultural issue that takes place in multicultural teams. The issue is identified with the help of two articles and a critical evaluation of the same has been provided. The positives as well as negatives of the articles have been analyzed. References Anbari, F.T., Khilkhanova, E.V., Romanova, M.V., Ruggia, M. and Umpleby, S.A., PMI Research Conference Washington, DC July 2010. Kardes, I., Ozturk, A., Cavusgil, S.T. and Cavusgil, E., 2013. Managing global megaprojects: Complexity and risk management.International Business Review,22(6), pp.905-917. Obikunle, O. (2002). Dealing with cultural diversity in project management: a dilemma in communication. Paper presented at Project Management Institute Annual Seminars Symposium, San Antonio, TX. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Oh, G., Kim, Y., Ahn, J. and Choi, H.L., 2017. Market-Based Task Assignment for Cooperative Timing Missions in Dynamic Environments.Journal of Intelligent Robotic Systems, pp.1-27. Rallapalli, K.C. and Montgomery, C.D., 2015. Marketing Strategies For Asian-Americans: Guidelines Based on Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions. InMinority Marketing: Research Perspectives for the 1990s(pp. 73-77). Springer International Publishing. Schenone, C., Marr Brunenghi, M., Pittaluga, I., Hajar, A., Kamali, W., Montaresi, F., Rasheed, M., Wahab, A.A., El Moghrabi, Y., Manasrah, R. and Merhaby, D., 2017. Managing European Cross Border Cooperation Projects on Sustainability: A Focus on an MESP Project.Sustainability,9(1), p.112.

Southwest marketing strategy

Table of Contents Introduction Strengths and weaknesses of Southwest’s competitors Plan to differentiate with other competitors Southwest intentions to be a leader Macro-environment issues Trends to impact a business Bibliography Introduction Marketing strategy incorporates marketing goals of a business and puts them into a cohesive whole.The strategy of low-price has been in use, in the southwest airline, from the beginning. They offer cheap flights and, therefore, able of crushing competitors. The strategy of pricing has been successful because it was the opposite of the competitors.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Southwest marketing strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their goal has been to offer some values required by the travelers such as, leisure to arrive to a new destination, efficiency, flexibility, and comfort all for an inexpensive and fair price. They are targeting business travelers since they travel frequently (Gittel, J 2005). Additionally, the use of non-airline partner services gives credit to the customers. In 2007, the organization enhanced the program and established a new travelers’ business focused on a marketing campaign. It also introduced a freedom award, which allowed the members of immediate prize the chance of exchanging two award tickets that are standard for Freedom Award. Strengths and weaknesses of Southwest’s competitors Strengths enable every business to achieve goals while weaknesses make the business slag behind. Among the competitors are the AMR corporations and JetBlue airways. The AMR Corporation has a strong network across the world, strong alliances and ties-up of marketing which makes it compete with the Southwest. Additionally, it has an outlook to airline passengers that are positive. However, it has a decline in operation efficiency and a performance of DOT Domestic that is weak that becomes a weakness. I t is also facing a threat of price discounting and intense competition, and obligations of security among others. The JetBlue Corporation has a unique relationship, which the company enjoys since its inauguration with the workers. It managed to keep its costs low and involved high profits with efficiency of employees. It used its workers roles to play. Its weakness is that of economy and the oil prices that are rising on top of the debt the company has. Plan to differentiate with other competitors There are some essential things required by southwest airline so as to differentiate itself with other competitors keeping of low costs and treating workers well is an obsession and a commitment to manage the company. A sense of futurity and historicity is necessary in order to keep the company going.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Having a strong relationship with the em ployees does not necessary involve rise in the pay roll but rather creating a favorable environment. Treating them well will give them a heart of also treating the customers well hence, success of the business (Lauer, 2010). Southwest intentions to be a leader The Southwest airline, unlike its competitors in the industry, did not use strategies that are convectional, or which focused on barriers of entry like networks of hub and spoke. Furthermore, it did not use complicated customer segmentation, and information via systems of computer reservations. This strategy was unusual. As described by the southwest’s management, its fundamental strategy was competing against the car. They proposed to compete by providing reliable, friendly, and a service that is of low cost on flights. They required to deliver more for less, which translated to the derivation of more from their workers for monetary compensations of the same kind. Consequently, the company thought of ways that would he lp to increase the component of non-monetary compensation for its work. By this, value of its employees would be created and thereby the employees would be motivated in conversion of values to customers, and designing processes of operation in order to acquire firm value. Additionally, behavioral norms that are encouraging would enable workers to improve their services and reduce costs. The motivated and happy workers of the southwest company adopted the systems and processes and went an extra mile by making things happen. Resistance and chaos comes with change, but it was not so to the southwest since it captured the value through superior service and low costs (Gittel, 2005). The environment created by the southwest company respected the individuality of the employee and ensured they fit into the culture of the company. It introduced fun at work for workers in order to motivate them and fun games for their customers. Furthermore, it encouraged employees to dress up casually all th rough the summer period, and aligned its processes of operation and practices of human resource with the culture of the company. Macro-environment issues Macro-environment factors are relevant in every firm. It considers economical, political, technological and social issues. Politics influences many companies and determines how the company should work (Lauer, 2010). A political climate that is harsh makes a company lose its profit. Therefore, politics determines the extent of the business. The southwest is in a stable country that enables it to grow.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Southwest marketing strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economy is another aspect that determines whether or not the objectives can be achieved. Some of the things looked upon are inflation rates, budget limits, salary structure, maintenance of equipments and how a business should operate. The southwest looks for a fai r price that is affordable to the travelers. Consideration of social factors in the Southwest airline is essential since it concerns safety. Security is the focal point determining how airlines should operate. Southwest should maintain a healthy relationship with its travelers in order to succeed in business. The other aspect of macro-environment is technology. Most of the airlines are hoping that a new and cheap form of fuel comes to the existence in order to cab the problem of high costs of gasoline. Furthermore, automated kiosks of ticketing are adding up like never before. The south west airport continues to introduce machines in order to enable streamline of the business (Lauer, 2010). Trends to impact a business Trends entail analyzing historical data of a certain time in order to determine the growth of the business. It also helps in predicting the future and shapes the decisions of strategy in a business. Trends used to impact a business should understand the market currents and make decisions on the good time for going with the current economy. Some of the markets are growing and other going backwards (Gittel, 2005). A business should encourage technology in order to experience a significant growth. The trend gets attractive by looking at the services of models of business. Bibliography Gittel, J (2005). The Southwest Airlines way: using the power of relationships to achieve high performance. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. Reprint. Lauer, C (2010). Southwest Airlines. London: ABC-CLIO.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on Southwest marketing strategy was written and submitted by user Andrea Flores to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Successful Aging

Successful Aging Free Online Research Papers There has been a growth of investigation into the concept of successful aging in recent years. The most commonly used explanation is the increase in lifespan of those living in modern times, the most beneficent group as of yet being the â€Å"baby boomers†, or the generation of people born right after WWII. A substantially larger amount of people are living past retirement than ever before, and they are looking to the best way to continue into life after accomplishing most of the goals that they set for themselves so long ago. There have been many studies into the subject, with methods ranging from following the subjects health over long periods of time to making connections between activities and happiness. For the most part, all of these studies have made very similar conclusions in how to help yourself age well. The key factor to successful aging seems to be the idea of overall â€Å"wellness† (Seeman 1). Wellness is the goal which is accomplished through the manipulation of many different aspects of an aging person’s lifestyle. The most important aspects include intellectual, emotional, physical, social, occupational, and spiritual wellbeing. Though different people may have had different ways of taking care of each dimension of their wellness, it may be noted that each person who took care of every dimension in some way were still as happy as those who did the same through different methods (Seeman 2). One example of this can be seen through the methods of maintaining physical health. Whether it is biking, walking, jogging or leisurely playing Frisbee with a pet, it has been shown that peoples overall health takes on a much more positive influence from daily physical activity (CDC 1). Many seniors do not realize the many benefits of physical activity. Amongst obvious reasons, activity seems to help prevent or slow down the onset of high blood pressure, stroke, depression, colon cancer, osteoporosis, and obesity, diabetes. Maintaining strength also helps to prevent falls and counteract the loss of muscle mass that comes from aging, also known as sarcopenia (CDC 2). Some things that may seem to be the smallest part of your life may be helping you in many ways. For most people, getting together with friends for group activities, even competitive ones, have shown to help the individuals sustain their intellectual, emotional, and social dimensions. This is why seniors are encouraged to involve themselves in recreational activities with others. With the realization of the need of physical activity for seniors came about the rise of senior sensitive group activities at health clubs and gyms. For example, many sports clubs offer water classes, which is easy on seniors who have issues with arthritis (CDC 3). There are businesses marketed towards seniors now that there are more of them. One such example I happen to know of is a portable video game made for seniors to play with while idly waiting in a bus, or sitting down at the park with a morning tea. It was created to help maintain the player’s cognitive skills while aging through the many simple yet challenging timed mini-games. So really things are looking good for the older generations of today, and are constantly growing to be even better for the elderly of the future. Research Papers on Successful AgingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementTwilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Japanese Greetings and Parting Phrases

Japanese Greetings and Parting Phrases Learning greetings is a great way to start communicating with people in their language. Particularly in Japanese- a culture that prizes proper social etiquette- knowing how to use greetings and parting phrases correctly will open doors for you as you study the language. The greetings and parting words below include audio files that will allow you to listen to the phrases and learn how they are pronounced. Using Ha and Wa in Hiragana Before studying Japanese greetings, its important to learn how two important words are used in hiragana. Hiragana is a part of the Japanese writing system. It is a phonetic syllabary, which is a set of written characters that represent syllables. In most cases, each character corresponds to one syllable though there are few exceptions to this rule. Hiragana is used in many cases, such as writing articles or miscellaneous words that have no kanji form or an obscure kanji form In Japanese, there is a rule for writing the hiragana for waã‚ ) and ha㠁 ¯). When wa  is used as a  particle, it is written in hiragana as ha. (A particle,  joshi,  is a word that shows the relationship of a word, phrase, or clause to the rest of the sentence.) In current Japanese dialogue, Konnichiwa or Konbanwa are fixed greetings. However, historically, they were used in sentences such as  Konnichi  wa (Today is) or Konban  wa  (Tonight is), and wa  functioned as a particle. Thats why it is still written in hiragana as ha. Common Japanese Greetings  and  Parting Phrases Listen to the audio files carefully by clicking on the links, and mimic what you hear. Repeat this a few times until you are able to pronounce the greetings and parting phrases. Good MorningOhayou㠁Šã  ¯Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£â‚¬â€š Good AfternoonKonnichiwa㠁“ん㠁 «Ã£  ¡Ã£  ¯Ã£â‚¬â€š Good eveningKonbanwa㠁“ん㠁 °Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã£â‚¬â€š Good nightOyasuminasai㠁Šã‚„㠁™ã  ¿Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š GoodbyeSayonara㠁•ã‚ˆã  ªÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£â‚¬â€š See you laterDewa mata㠁 §Ã£  ¯Ã£  ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š See you tomorrow.Mata ashita㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£â‚¬â€š How are you?Genki desu kaå…Æ'æ °â€"㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š Tips on Greetings and Parting Phrases Enhance your knowledge of Japanese greetings and parting words by reviewing some basic tips about the various phrases. Ohayou Gozaimasu Good Morning:  If you are speaking to a friend or find yourself in a casual setting, you would use the word  ohayou  (㠁Šã  ¯Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ ) to say good morning. However, if you were on your way into the office and ran into your boss or another supervisor, you would want to use  ohayou  gozaimasu  (㠁Šã  ¯Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€Ã£ â€"㠁„㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢), which is a more formal greeting. Konnichiwa Good Afternoon:  Although Westerners sometimes  think the word  konnichiwa  (㠁“ん㠁 °Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯) is a general greeting to be used at any time of day, it actually means good afternoon. Today, its a colloquial greeting used by anyone, but it can be part of the more formal greeting:  Konnichi  wa  gokiken  ikaga  desu ka?  (ä »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£  ¯Ã£ â€Ã¦ ©Å¸Ã¥ «Å'㠁„㠁‹ã Å'㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹?). This phrase loosely translates into English as â€Å"How are you feeling today?† Konbanwa Good Evening:  Just as you would use one phrase to greet someone during the afternoon, the Japanese language has a different word for wishing people a  good evening.  Konbanwa  (㠁“ん㠁 °Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯) is an informal word you can use to address anyone in a friendly manner, though it can also be  used as part of a larger and more formal greeting. Mastering these greetings and parting words is a great early step in learning Japanese. Knowing the correct way to greet others, and to say goodbye, in Japanese demonstrates respect and an interest in the language and culture.

The role of Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The role of Human Resource Management - Essay Example A case study near a large business company shows the difficulty in evaluating this contribution being given the strategic lack of legitimacy of the HRM and the absence of tested criteria of evaluation of its results. In this line, we will discuss the approach exposed by De Cieri and al. (2003) which deals with the problem of HRM in Australia, in term of strategy, people and performance. The approach by the resources constitutes one of the theoretical bases of the strategic human resources management (SHRM) which aims at developing the collective effectiveness of the employees in order to achieve the goals of the company (De Cieri et al. 2003; Truss and Gratton, 1994; Wright and McMahan, 1992). This approach seems relevant to clarify the bond which exists between the human capital, the practices in human resources and the performance of the firm (Delery and Shaw, 2001; McMahan and al, 1999). It supports the renewed interest for the personal element as a source of durable competing advantage while placing the immaterial resources with the row of the strategic credits, making it possible the company to acquire an advantage with respect to its rivals (Boxall, 1996, 1999; Coff, 1997; Gratton, 1999; Kamoche, 1996; Truss, 2001). The perennially and the success of the company constitute the interest shared by all the agents of stakes in the company (Louarn and Wils, 2001). According to the approach by the resources, the organisational performance appears through the creation of a durable competing advantage founded on a human capital highly qualified and highly implied, regarding to a whole HR practices, and through the formulation and the placement of a dynamic HR strategy and futurology (Bamberger and Meshoulam, 2000; Hagan, 1996; Lado and Wilson, 1994; Snell and al, 2000), allowing to have knowledge and competences necessary to face the current and future challenges, and at the favourable time. Thus, any choice judicious of the HR practices to be created and their coherence with the strategy of the company can confer a better performance (Delery and Doty, 1996; Kamoche, 1996). On this subject, numbers empirical studies tried to prove the bond between on the one hand systems the not easily imitable HR pract ices and on the other hand the organisational performance (Arthur, 1994; Becker and GeHRart, 1996; Delaney and Huselid, 1996; Gardner and Al, 2000; Huselid, 1995; MacDuffie, 1995). Some of these studies led to detect this bond, and approved it in spite of some methodological limit and of recognized errors of measurement (Boudreau and Ramstad, 1999; Wright and al, 2001). Moreover, one will try through this article to discuss the approach of De Cieri and al. (2003) which deals with the problem of HRM of resources in Australia, in term of strategy, people and performance. If one refers to the works of De Cieri and al. (2003), it seems to be important to announce that the goal of the text is to give a clear and methodical vision of an intellectual, strategic and practical approach of the human stock management. It is significant to assign also that the work is based on a major academic study as well of theoretical as empirical point, through concrete example cases. Indeed, the work

Journalism Portfolio-Action Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journalism Portfolio-Action Plan - Assignment Example The readers will find the articles helpful since they are a reflection of their daily lives as regards trends in fashions. These articles comprise of "London" City of Fashion, Trend Setters, and 24/7 London Fashion. I intend to develop skills in fashion design for any of the readers who want to venture in this field and those who are already in the field. This field would land the reader in gainful employment opportunities or even better, self employment. The outcomes of this learning are to develop knowledge in the reader on the different fashions available for people aged between 18 and 40. The reader needs to understand what appears most presentable for certain body sizes. I need my computer and the internet for reference. This will be important to derive knowledge on how to approach my respondents and such vital information. I also need emails for correspondence with popular blogs in London. This will ensure that I stay abreast to the most recent information regarding fashion in the city. The outcomes of this will be beneficial, as I will start my career in journalism. One of the skills I will acquire is on how to conduct interviews. I will learn how to deal with respondents to get correct information from them. The articles that I will compile will also be beneficial to me, as I will learn how to write articles. By having them published, I will earn some money from this; hence it is another good business opportunity for me. The specialization of these articles on fashion topic will help identify and analyse some of the pertinent issues and information related to fashion trends in the city. I will evaluate the learning outcomes from my readers by allowing them to give me feedback on the information they will gather. They are the people who will tell me if the articles were in any way helpful to

Any form of captivity Essay Example for Free

Any form of captivity Essay Animals should not be kept in any form of captivity. Animals belong in their natural habitat. It is a breach of their natural rights to take them away, and put them behind bars. All animals that are kept in captivity should be realized into the wild. Healthy News In zoos around the world animals are suffering Weird News. Every day animals are taken out of their natural habitat and put behind bars, purely for our beneï ¬ t. Studies have shown that these animals are suffering form severe cases of depression, abnormal behavior and physiological distress. How does the bird feel in the cage when he can clearly see his wild cousin ï ¬â€šying free from his conï ¬ ne many people visit zoos so they are able to gain greater knowledge of how animals behave and operate. These people want to see the animals acting naturally, how they would in the wild. The only way to understand an animal properly is to see it in its natural environment. Zoos give totally artiï ¬ cial and misleading views by isolating animals from there ecosystem. If people want to see how animals behave they should go out into the wild to see real animals, not ones who are physiologically distressed? More questions. In some poorer zoos the conditions are extremely bad. Most of them keep their animals in wire cages which are often too small to allow the animals to move around. Most of these cages have cement ï ¬â€šoors and lack any opportunities for the animals to act naturally. To make it worse most of these animals die young due to the harsh conditions they are forced to live with. Many zoos are absolutely disgraceful Zoos are cruel jails for these animals and should be outlawed unless they provide the animals with a friendly and roomy habitat, good food and good medical care. Most unfortunately do not †¦ I cannot imagine what life must be like for these animals in your gallery and thousands like them the world over †¦and Zoos are indeed a double-edged sword. Some people claim that zoos help protect endangered animals. Some owners even think that cage is a good discipline for a pet which will calm the and make them pay attentionbut for some it causes depression and more fear from the animal more that loyalty. In my opinion I am fully against cages for animals that can cause either mental or physical pain. The only reason I would consider it an option is if you had multiple dogs and one needed it’s own privacy if it has been returned from the vets or it has been suffering from stress of other pets in the home. There is no medical need for an animal to be kept inside a cage from it’s beneï ¬ cial point of view because it has no advantages from the fact that it can only separate the pet from the outside world. No animal deserves to be treated like a prisonerit has some emotional effects on the pet which can become permanent and it could change the pet for good.

America Needs Nuclear Power Essay -- Argumentative Essays, Persuasive

Nuclear power plants are a safe, clean and reliable source of energy production. They are uniquely qualified to meet the growing demand for energy in the USA. It is estimated that the demand for power will grow two and a half percent per year. Even if the demand for energy didn’t increase in the future but stayed where it is nuclear would still be the best choice for power production. Nuclear costs less and is environmentally cleaner than coal, which currently supplies approximately fifty percent of the power in the U.S. (Loewen 53). In addition nuclear has an exemplary safety record. The group of people who oppose nuclear and promote renewable power sources, hereafter termed environmentalists, do so for very sound reasons. However, they fail to realize that renewables, wind and solar power, cannot supply the base-load electricity needed for the power grid. They also don’t realize that of the five power sources that can supply base-load electricity, coal, oil, hydroelectric dams, nuclear and natural gas, nuclear outranks the others either in cost or environmental safety or both. To understand nuclear power we need to have a general understanding of how it is generated in most nuclear plants. This is a general description only and makes no claim to encompass all the different variations possible for the design of nuclear power plants. Nuclear energy is produced from the nuclear fission reaction of a heavy nucleus such as uranium absorbing a neutron after which it splits into two fragments of nearly equal mass. This releases a substantial amount of energy and several more neutrons. The neutrons are then able to strike other heavy nuclei and cause them to fission, releasing more energy. This process occurring continuously results in a chain reaction in which many billions of nuclei may fission in a small fraction of second. In a nuclear reactor the self-sustaining series of fissions is carefully controlled. The enormous amount of energy released occurs in the form of radiation and the kinetic energy of the fission products expelled at high speeds. Most of the energy becomes thermal and is used to heat water and convert it to high-pressure steam. The steam is then used to drive a turbine and the mechanical energy of the turbine is converted to electricity by means of a generator (Britannica). Environmentalists argue against nuclear power ... ...t problem of nuclear power and it is probably the most well-managed waste in the history of the United States. This essay is not attempting to present nuclear as the perfect answer to the increased demand for power. Nuclear is not perfect, however, of the options available it comes the closest. Works Cited Cohen, Bernard L., The Nuclear Energy Option: An Alternative for the 90s. New York: Plenum Press, 1990. Lake, James A., Amory Lovins and Hunter Lovins. â€Å"Symposium: Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power.† Insight on the News† 27 August 2001: 40 – 45. Loewen, Eric P. â€Å"Nuclear Power Can Help Solve Energy Crisis.† National Defense August 2001: 52 – 55. â€Å"nuclear energy.† Encyclopedia Britannica. CD-ROM. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1997. Norsen, Travis. â€Å"The Enemies of Nuclear Power.† The Business Journal – Milwaukee 17 August 2001: 43 - 44 Oliver, Mike and John Hospers. â€Å"Alternative Fuels?† American Enterprise September 2001: 20 – 29. Wardell, Charles. â€Å"Nuclear Energy Comes Full Circle.† Popular Science August 2001: 38 – 42. Yelverton, Jerry. â€Å"Nuclear Engineering.† Vital Speeches of the Day 67 (2001) : 655 – 659.

Habits Speech Essay

It is commonly accepted that a person’s bad habits are bad. Right? Wrong. Today I’ll be giving some examples of habits of mine that are actually in a way, beneficial to me. ANGER – Ever since I remember, I’ve had the habit of getting angry very easily, but it turns out that letting off a head of steam may bring physical benefits. Researchers have found that people who respond to high-stress situations with some righteous anger maintain lower blood pressure and secrete less cortisol, known as the stress hormone, than people who respond with fear or bottle up their feelings. VIDEO GAMES – Despite being blamed for their part in the obesity epidemic, video games can actually help us get fit and lose weight. It turns out it actually boosts your metabolism! Whilst playing video games, a person’s heart rates speeds up; they used more energy and begin breathing faster. This could have a positive effect on health, provided they’re not substituted for real sport. SWEARING – Did you know that swearing is actually good for you? Yes, scientists have proven that swearing eases pain and allows you to withstand pain for longer. Swearing is connected to our adrenaline and when people swear, they have an elevated heart rate, so it could be that swearing increases their aggression levels. Increased aggression has been shown to reduce people’s sensitivity to pain. LAZING ABOUT – This kind of behavior is believed to add years to your life. People who get up early and busy themselves all day long are heading for an early grave. Lazing about is the key to a long life and an antidote to personal stress. People who would rather take a midday nap instead of playing squash have a better chance of living into old age. If you don’t believe me. An example of this is the increased lifespan of zoo animals – for instance lions in t he Serengeti live only eight years, but can live to an age of 20 in captivity. STRESS – Stress, while long periods of stress can leave your immune system depleted and prone to infection, researchers have found that a short stressful incident can boost your learning and memory. Acute stress increases transmission of glutamate, the substance that passes messages to and from the brain. This improves working memory. Stress hormones have both protective and damaging effects on the body. This is why we need stress to perform better, but don’t want to be stressed out. LOUD MUSIC – Most people believe that listening to music very loud is damaging to your ears. This may be true; however it also stimulates part of the inner ear known as the sacculus, which responds to the beat of music. The sacculus, has no hearing function in humans, but is sensitive only to very loud volumes. It has a connection to the part of the brain responsible for drives such as hunger and sex. When these desires are satisfied, the brain is stimulated into releasing feel-good hormones that make us calm, happy and responsive. FIDGETING – It may be irritating, but natural fidgets are doing themselves a favour by fighting obesity. Researchers have found that people who always seem to be on the go are more likely to be slim. The extra motion, whether it is tapping, twitching, stretching or yawning, accounts for an extra 350 calories a day. The amount of this low-grade activity is so large it could be the only thing keeping some from becoming obese. So the next time someone tells you to stop whatever habit it is you’re doing, because they don’t approve. Think twice, and ask yourself. Is it benefitting you!

Management Function Essay

All organizations depend on group efforts. Teamwork and group action have become necessary in every day of life, and it will lead to the success in group efforts. The management will be very important to the groups because it can helps to achieve group goals, provides maximum resources to his or her team, minimizes the cost, establishes sound organization, and generates more welfare to his or her team. Management functions, manager’s skills, management control and strategic management process will be analyzed to define how an excellent manager should be. Four Management Functions The four management functions comprise the primary functions to the managers. These four functions which are planning, organizing, leading and controlling can be used in all fields of management, be it at a factory, a super market, a restaurant or even at home. Planning Managers need to perform the planning function to define goals, establish strategies to achieve these goals and develop sub plans to coordinate activities for his or her team members. For example, as a merchandising manager in the supermarket chain business, the manager needs to define what the target customers like Western people, South East Asia people or East Asians the supermarkets want to attract. After define the goals are attract more and more Asian-Canadian families, the manager need to establish strategies like bringing Asian-Canadian families fresh foods and introducing the diversity of Asian food culture at stores that offer exceptional convenience, service, and value to those Asian customers. Then, lots of sub plans like which kind of merchandises should be imported and the merchandises’ price setting strategies will be developed by the manager and pass to different buyers to follow up. Organizing Managers need to arrange job duties to his or her team members to achieve the organization’s goal. The managers will determine what tasks should be done, who will responsible for the task and how the tasks are to be grouped. For example, as the merchandising manager in the supermarket chain business, the manager needs to organize his or her team to different group and each group will in charge of different merchandises by categories like drink, snack, rice oil and noodles. After different teams have been organized, each team’s supervisor will be selected by the merchandising manager. The buyers will report to their supervisors and the supervisors will report to the merchandising manager. Leading Managers need to lead their team members to achieve the organizations’ goals. The leading function will require the managers to provide good communication skills and lead ship skills to resolve the behavior issues. As the merchandising manager in the supermarket chain business, some conflicts will be appeared with different buyers. Buyers will provide some products that buyers want to promote to be the promotion products in each week’s flyer, due to the limited space of the flyer, not all the products will be selected to be the promotion products by merchandising manager. The manager will use the communication skills and lead ship skills to let the buyers know why their products cannot be selected and what they should improve next time. Controlling The last management function is controlling. Managers need to evaluate and monitor employees’ performance and make sure every step is correct to achieve the goals. As the merchandising manager, the merchandises’ sales are the key performance index to evaluate buyers’ performance. Usually, merchandising manager will use category sales to evaluate each team’s performance and total stores sales’ growth percentage to evaluate the whole department’s performance. Skills Required by Managers Technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills are three most important skills required by managers. Though these three skills, managers can know more about the specified filed they are working, have better interpersonal relationship with people and have more ideas when facing the complex situations. Technical skills Managers need have strong technical skills in the specified filed because the managers need to deal with his or her employees when the employees face some difficulties during the working. The managers will give help and lead the employees to solve technical problems to achieve the organizations’ goals. For example, as a merchandising manager in the supermarket chain business, he or she must have strong purchasing skills, budgeting skills, know well with different merchandises that are sold in stores and inventory management skills. Human skills Managers must have ability to work well with different employees. Managers with perfect human skills, they can receive more and more trust from their employees and the employees can make full effort to achieve the organizations’ goals. As the supermarket chain’s merchandising manager, he or she should get well not only with different buyers, but also with store levels’ employees. If the manager can work well with store levels’ employees, the products that they imported can be displayed very well and follow merchandising department’s pricing strategies, as a result, the company’s goal can be achieved easily. Conceptual skills Managers must have ability to analyze and provide solutions when facing difficulties or complex situations. In the business world, top-level management positions usually required to have this skill. For example, as the merchandising manager in the supermarket chain business, when the new store will be opened, the manager will use conceptual skills to analyze what the best location is, what the best merchandises will be on shelf and what the target sales will be generated and so on. Also, if one of categories’ sales was continuing decreasing in the past several weeks, the manager need provide insight and solutions to the category team to help them overcome the difficulties. Two Views of Management Control Omnipotent view of management: The traditional view of managers is that they are directly responsible for organizations’ success and failures. When the organizations’ performance is poor, the managers should provide reasons and solutions; when the organizations’ performance is good, the managers should get the credit even if they only do little things to achieve the goals. Symbolic view of management Managers only have limited effects on organizational outcomes and performances because of the large number of factors like customers, competitors, government policies and economy outside the control of managers. Both omnipotent view of management and symbolic view of management purpose are to achieve organizations’ goals and provide the excellent performance to the organizations. As well, either omnipotent view of management or symbolic view of management, managers needs to make decisions within organizations when something happened. Like the merchandising manager in the supermarket chain business, if stores’ sales are continuing decreasing, whatever the reason is merchandises’ price are not attractive or the outside economy is in downtrend, the manager need provide insights and solutions to improve sales for the company. However, there are big differences between omnipotent view of management and symbolic view of management. The managers will in charge of everything for organizations’ success and failures under omnipotent view of management; but under the symbolic view of management, lots of external factors will affect organizations’ performance, so the managers do not have big effects on organizational outcomes and performances. As the merchandising manager in the supermarket chain business, when stores’ sales are continuing decreasing, the manager will think if customers do not like the merchandises that they imported or the merchandises’ price is too high for the customers under omnipotent view of management, then the manager will provide solutions to improve the sales; however, under the symbolic view of management, the manager will think about if stores’ sales were effected by strong competitions in the market or the downtrend of economy. Strategic Management Process Step1: identify the organization’s current mission, goals and strategies Explain: The mission, goals and strategies of an organization are very important to employees, especially for managers. Managers need to create scope work by step to achieve organizations’ goals, missions and strategies. Example: A supermarket Inc. mission is that attract more and more Asian-Canadian families, bringing Asian-Canadian families fresh foods and introducing the diversity of Asian food culture at stores that offer exceptional convenience, service, and value to those Asian customers. The merchandising manager need bring in more Asian products to the stores to attract customers. Step2: do an internal analysis Explain: An internal analysis about the organization’s resources and capabilities will be done to indentify the organization’s strength and weakness Example: The merchandising manager will do an internal analysis to indentify the company’s strength which is have different kinds of Asian foods cross grocery, produce, seafood and bakery and weakness which is lack of experience about what kind of western foods is suitable for Asian customers. Step3: do an external analysis Explain: An external analysis about the business environment, government policies, and competitions will be done to help managers know opportunities and threats for organizations. Example: The merchandising manager will do an external analysis to know the opportunities and threats for the company. Opportunities are more and more Asian families move to Toronto and lots of labor supply in the market. Threats are the strong competitions exist in Toronto’s Asian supermarkets field. Step4: formulate strategies Explain: After identify organizations’ missions and finished internal and external analysis, managers need formulate strategies to achieve organizations’ mission base on SWOT. Example: The merchandising manager formulates the strategy which is open more new stores to achieve the company’s mission. More and more Asian families move to Toronto and lots of labor supply in the market, new stores will be easy opened and can attract more Asian customers. Meanwhile, strong competitions exist in the market, the company need to increase the number of stores to low the products’ cost. Step5: implement strategies Explain: After managers formulate the strategies, lots of members will be involved to implement the strategies to achieve organizations’ goals. Example: The merchandising manager will request his or her buyers to import more Asian merchandises for new stores, work with the store operation department to decide the layout of stores and work with finance department about new stores’ budget. Step6: evaluate results Explain: After the strategies were implemented, managers need to evaluate the results to see if achieve the organizations’ goals and make any adjustments if necessary. Example: After new store was opened, the managers need to calculate if store’s sales had been achieved the target. If not, the manager will provide solutions to improve store sales immediately.

Right to die essays

Right to die essays The Right to Die, Physician-Assisted Suicide 6/3/99 History " I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect" The Hippocratic Oath Physician-Assisted suicide is one of the most controversial issues in our society today. During the 1990's, assisted suicide has become the subject of public debate and legislative action across the nation. Even the U.S Supreme Court has been involved in critical decisions involving the legalization of Physician-assisted suicide. These matters call into question the ethical standards and legal bases for all Doctors and Health Care Providers. The American Heritage Dictionary defines euthanasia as "the act of killing an individual for reasons considered to be merciful". Killing in this case is a physical action where one individual actively kills another. The word "euthanasia" comes from the Greek eu, "good" and thanatos, "death" or "good death". Doctor assisted-suicide can be considered auto-eutha nasia. The Doctor provides the means for a patient to take their own life painlessly but does not actively or physically help that person die. Doctor assisted suicide is nothing new to society, dating back to the time Socrates 470-399 BC. With the interventions of Jack Kevorkian M.D., being played out in the media and in the courts, Doctor assisted suicide has become the focus of intense public and professional debate. Most of this attention is focused right here in Michigan because of Dr. Jack Kevorkian AKA, "Doctor Death". Doctor Kevorkian has assisted in over one hundred assisted suicides. The Debate There are many arguments for and against assisted suicide. Points for and against this practice encompass legal, ethical, religious and medical arguments. They are very complex and lengthy. Listed are just a few simplified issues from both sides of the debate. Arguments for Assisted Suicide A person should have control over one's own body. This is a fundam...

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear When selecting winter wear, our concerns usually are about how warm a piece of garment is, how expensive it is, and let’s face it, whether it is fashionable. Another factor should be part of our decision-making: how green is the insulation? There are many types of insulation materials, each with a different environmental footprint. There is no single material which can clearly be deemed most environmentally friendly, but here is some information about insulation material sustainability which will hopefully help you make the right decision for you. Sustainable and Ethical Down? Insulation down is made from the small fluffy feathers found underneath a bird’s quilled feathers. Down’s role is one of, no surprise, insulation. Down is particularly sought after as it has a very advantageous warmth to weight ratio and it maintains its loft, trapping warm air close to the body even after years of use. Down is usually obtained from the breast of geese and ducks after they have been slaughtered for food. However, there is evidence of some eastern European and Asian farms harvesting breast down feathers directly from live ducks, which then regrow the feathers. This inhumane method is painful to the bird, and many garment companies are trying to distance themselves from those live-plucking practices. Some large outdoor clothing manufacturers have established sustainable sourcing practices to ensure their down is produced ethically. For example, outdoor clothing giant The North Face is expecting that by the end of 2016 all of the down it uses will be obtained ethically through their in-house Responsible Down Standard certification. Outdoor clothing manufacturer Patagonia has a similar program called Traceable Down which sources down from farms where the waterfowl are not live-plucked. Patagonia also offers jackets and vests made with recycled down obtained from used comforters and pillows. The feathers are sorted, washed, and dried at high temperature before it is sewn into new products. Goose and duck down is a product with great insulation properties, but the very lightest and warmest down is grown by a sea duck found in the frigid waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans: the common eider. Eider down is obtained from wild birds, but not the usually way by plucking it directly from the duck. The eiders use their own down to line their nest, and trained harvesters visit nesting colonies where they pick up a portion of the down feathers found in each nest. This sustainable practice has no negative effects on the eiders’ nesting success, but it yields only about 44 grams of down on average per nest, and much less once it’s sorted and cleaned. Eider down is of course very expensive and is used mostly in high-priced comforters and luxury clothes. Wool Wool is a product with excellent insulation qualities, as it remains warm when wet. It has been used for centuries, and while its popularity declined after the development of synthetic products, wool is making a comeback in outdoor apparel and fashion wear. Merino wool in particular is sought after for its softness and wicking properties. A sustainability certification program, named ZQ, exists for wool from New Zealand Merino sheep. By definition wool is a renewable resource, but in reality the sustainability of wool is as good as the farming practices used to raise the sheep. Pastured sheep efficiently convert energy from grass with relatively little greenhouse gas emissions as compared to cattle. In more arid regions, overgrazed rangeland is often an unfortunate sight. Farmers markets can present a good opportunity to get to know sheep farmers and their practices. The markets are also a good place to meet farmers who raise alpaca, a relative of the llama known for its high quality wool. A Synthetic Solution? While synthetic insulation is not quite as warm as down, it has the significant advantage of not holding water and not losing its insulation value when wet. Unfortunately, synthetic insulation is made from oil byproducts in a process releasing significant greenhouse gases. To get around that, the main synthetic insulation makers offer versions of their products made, partly or wholly, of recycled materials. For example, PrimaLoft and Thinsulate offer recycled alternatives, and Patagonia produces fleece fabric spun from PET plastic (#1) recycled from soda bottles. Â   Unfortunately there is increasing evidence that polyester, which makes up most of the fibers used in synthetic insulation, has a water pollution problem. Every time a polyester garment is washed, tiny fibers get detached and washed down the drain. The fibers will not decompose the way cotton or wool would. Instead, polyester fibers are being found in bodies of water all over the world. There, the fibers contribute to the global microplastics pollution problem: persistent organic pollutants stick to the fibers’ surface, and aquatic microorganisms then suffer from ingesting them. Milkweed Yes, milkweed! Asclepias has long been known for its insulation properties, and has been used as a hypoallergenic pillow fill. Figuring out how to use it for clothing insulation has proven elusive until recently when a Canadian company developed a lightweight, effective-when-wet, very warm woven fabric made from milkweed. For now, it comes in limited applications and at a steep price, but as a bonus the commercially grown plant is only harvested after it has served as food for the monarch butterfly larvae. Make It Last! The most environmentally sustainable insulated garment is the one you don’t buy, so make the clothes you own last a long time. Knowing how to make basic repairs, like replacing a zipper or mending a tear, can stretch the functional life of a jacket for several more years. Purchasing quality clothing well-constructed by a reputable manufacturer in the first place pays off in the end, as it will likely last much longer than discount brands or cheap knock-off products.

Easy Jet Airline Company Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Easy Jet Airline Company - Term Paper Example Easy Jet Airline Company Since its establishment in 1994, the company has undergone a lot of improvements including base openings and acquisitions. For a company to survive in the market, it should employ marketing strategies that are compatible with the market and profitability of the company (Koenigsber, Muller & Vilcassim 279). Easy Jet has applied a unique marketing strategy that has enabled it to survive in the competitive market (Koenigsber, Muller & Vilcassim 281). The mission of the company is to provide customers with exceptional value and point-to-point airline services. The company also aims at offering and effecting reliable and consistent fares and products that appeal to business markets and leisure on various European routes. By 2009, the company had employed more than 6107 employees. Easy Jet has been one of the most successful and competitive low-cost and short-haul airline with a clear pricing structure (Mayer 16). All prices for a given flight are quoted one way; this means that a single p rice prevails in any point of the flight. The prices of the airline are low early on, but increase as the date of departure nears. Easy Jet applies various and distinct strategies in its operations. First, the company does not offer a last minute deal. One cannot get a flight ticket at the last minute of the flight. Secondly, the company offers a single class of travelers unlike other airline companies where there are different travelling classes. Price is the only variant that controls the demand for flight tickets at Easy Jet Company (Mayer 17). The third strategy applies to the duration of sale of tickets. The company varies the time in which its tickets are offered on the market. The first two strategies can be contrasted to the traditional airline pricing strategy. Most of the competitors of Easy Jet Company offer the last minute deals through resellers or directly to customers (Koenigsber, Muller & Vilcassim 282). The prevailing pricing strategy at Easy Jet also aims to contro l the demand through seat allocation to certain classes of people. This is done by making price the only variable that controls demand for travelling tickets, and offering equal services to all customers. Ryanair is one of the airlines, which compete with Easy Jet. The two companies use the same pricing strategy that insists on providing air services that are cheaper than other competitors. The low prices set by the two companies are feasible through reducing all possible costs, and having no frills. They use indicative ways to reduce their costs such as little product differentiation, reducing the costs of research and development and reducing the advertising and selling costs (Jones 28). The two companies also use efficient scale facilities; any innovations can only be adopted when the other competitors have tried and implemented them successfully. This helps in reducing the risks that may arise after implementing these innovations. A competitive advantage of the two companies lie s in the fact that they have a combination of high frequency services and low cost fares (Mayer 17). They also have an excellent network of routes where they increase the number of flights. Having reduced prices, Easy Jet and Ryanair do not offer drinks, food, or other services offered by other competitors. This way, the company lowers the expenses thus reducing the prices. Easy Jet has succeeded in reducing the costs

Define Accounting and Bookkeeping and compare and contrast the role of Essay

Define Accounting and Bookkeeping and compare and contrast the role of Professional Accountants and Bookkeepers - Essay Example The book also described the use of journals and ledgers. Accountancy contained two parts bookkeeping and accounting. Both became useful to the merchants and the professional from time to time. It plays an important function in recording the financial transaction of an organization. It provides information to a whole range of users. The essay elaborates basics of accountancy and the use of accountancy in different areas of management by the accountants and the bookkeepers (Gazely and Lambert, 2006) Accounting and Bookkeeping Accountancy does the task of maintaining records and it also involves in preparation of financial reports for a particular business. It also involves in auditing those reports. It is concerned with the knowledge, practices and the principles of accounting for meeting the general needs of a running business. According to Kohler â€Å"Accountancy refers to the entire body of the theory and practices of accounting† (A. Goyal and M. Goyal, 2009). The term accou ntancy can be divided into two parts: Accounting and Bookkeeping. Accounting Accounting basically deals with the provision or measurement of assurance of the financial information that are used by a number of users such as the lenders, investors, managers and the decision makers of a particular organization (Fitzpatrick, 2010). According to American Accounting Association it is â€Å"a process of identifying, measuring and communicating information to permit judgment and decisions by the users† (Khan and Jain, 2007). It also measures the different economic activities which are responsible for affecting both the inflow and outflow of the resources of the economy. It serves as a language to the business as it communicates its results to the business (Hugh and Hobbs, 2005). There are certain characteristics of accounting which are as follows: Accounting concerns of only the financial transactions and are expressed in terms of money. The information which cannot be expressed in t erm of money cannot be included in the books of accounts. After the identification of the financial information these are recorded in the books of accounts. Journal is known as the primary book of accounts in which all the information is recorded at first. When information are vast then the book of accounts is sub-divided into a number of various books such as Sales book, Purchase Book, Sales Return Books, Cash Book and many more (Stittle and Wearing, 2008) After recording of the financial data, they are classified into different groups of data which are of same nature. The book in which these are recorded are known as the Ledger. After classifying the data, they are summarized and presented in a manner that is understood by a layman also. This process is concerned with the preparation of Profit and loss account, trial balance and balance sheet. The information thus got from the summarization of the data is to be analysed to get a result. Ratio analysis is a very common tool for ana lysis and thus it helps both the management and the external users to take their decisions. The result thus communicates some information to the interested party and they can take an appropriate decision (Warren, 2009). There are different types of accounting which are as follows: Financial accounting concentrates on only those transactions that have already occurred in the past. The main aim of this type of accounting is to

Reflection on the Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection on the Research Paper - Essay Example This is because, as I was reading through the articles, I made a list of all the cited causes. To be honest, my main concern was the identification of all causes and writing as comprehensive a research as possible. As this strategy turned out to be incorrect, I had to reread the articles with a different purpose in mind - the identification of the root causes. As none of the articles accessed or handed out as part of our class readings outlined the root causes for the failure of retail chain internationalization projects, I had to reflect upon the various causes, establish correlations between them, and relate them back to theory. Not only did doing so give me a deeper understanding of the problems confronting the internationalization of retail chains but, it gave me a better grasp of theory. Accordingly, the very nature of the assignment, and the supposed imbalance between word limit and the vast array of causes for failure, were learning experiences in themselves. As my initial approach had been incorrect, forcing me to reread each article more than once, I gained a greater familiarity with the different writers in the field, to the extent that I was able to compare the worth of each. While not claiming that any of the writers or theorists whose material we studied lacked substance or value, I personally found the most informative, hence more valuable, to be Brown and Palmer.

Calls for Change in High School Mathematics Essay Example for Free

Calls for Change in High School Mathematics Essay Mathematic educators, parents and students are calling for proper changes in approaches to learning mathematics in high schools. The need to improve learning of mathematics in schools is highly recognized and underlined. Thus, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics published the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics that offered recommendations for high school mathematics reform. In addition, the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences in their official report ‘The Mathematical Sciences Curriculum K–12: What Is Still Fundamental and What Is Not’ stresses the importance of new topics and techniques in the secondary schools. New approaches should develop new learning techniques that would be discrete from statistics, mathematics, and emphasis on algebra and geometry should be properly re-assessed according to different abilities and needs of students who are taking mathematics course in the secondary school and high school respectively. The need for change and innovation is generally driven by emergence of advanced computing technologies that offers excellent opportunities for school educators to replace manipulative traditional techniques with more complex realistic problem-solving techniques. In its turn, the National Science Board Commission issued a report ‘Educating Americans for the 21st Century’ challenging courses in algebra and pre-calculus and stressing the importance of developing integrated mathematical sciences curriculum in the secondary school. Researchers argue that new curriculum will positively affect students’ achievement outcomes in the secondary and high schools. To make changes more effective teachers are required to understand the advantage of curriculum’s full scope and its consequences; students are required to support the expectations of classroom environment. The Core-Plus Mathematic Project is newly developed curriculum for high school mathematics. Of course, the Core-Plus Mathematic Project or CPMP curriculum is a matter of debates and controversies as not everyone admits the need of high school mathematics reforms. Nonetheless, the CPMP curriculum is worked out with assistance of mathematics education researchers, instructional specialists and classroom teachers. Moreover, the curriculum is shaped by empirical evidence gathered from students and teachers who are willing to participate in field testing. In particular, organization of mathematics curriculum should be interpreted in terms of teaching and assessment recommendations and should follow the standards set in the above-mentioned reports. New mathematics curriculum is a three-year mathematics course for high-school students who are allowed to take the fourth year to prepare for college mathematics. Newly designed curriculum differs from more traditional approaches as new curriculum encourages students’ understanding of mathematics – statistics, probability, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and discrete mathematics. Learning mathematics is developed in focused units that combine fundamental ideas with mathematical habits of mind. It means that new curriculum stresses the need to connect function, data analysis and symmetry with recursive and visual thinking. In contrast to traditional approaches to mathematics, new curriculum emphasizes the role of mathematical modeling and problem-solving instead of simple calculus. Researchers say the primary goal of curriculum improvement is to enhance students’ understanding and comprehension of key mathematical processes and concepts, to enhance student’s ability to use mathematical concepts in real-world problem-solving. Graphic calculators should enhance students’ understanding and abilities to solve authentic problems. Improved instructional materials encourage active teaching and learning processes that will primarily focus on problem situations, abstraction and analysis. Oral and written communication, reasoning with ability to represent, and conceptual understanding are highly appreciated and encouraged. All courses centre on mathematical reasoning and thinking with abilities to develop formal proof. Additional fourth year course will allow to keep students, who prepare for college mathematics, despite whether their undergraduate program is based on calculus. Students interested in mathematics are encouraged to be accelerated into the fourth course year. Today, many researches are focus on identifying whether new curriculum meets its specific goals. In particular, they try to reveal whether the learning outcomes based on new patterns of mathematics learning process differ from outcomes based on more traditional curriculum. During the past eight years researchers conducted various studies to examine mathematical achievement in classroom with CPMP curricula. Research studies have revealed that performance of CPMP students is much better than that of students with traditional interpretation of mathematical representation. It means that problem-solving and recursive thinking appear to be more effective in learning mathematics than simple understanding of key concepts of processes. Further, CPMP students are characterized by higher grade results at the end of the years than students with traditional approach to mathematics. Summing up, recent researches have indicated that CPMP students perform better than students with traditional curriculum. CPMP students are characterized by better abilities to interpret mathematical representation and calculation, to measure conceptual understanding and to recognize the importance of problem-solving. CPMP students are better in probability and statistics, algebraic manipulative skills, etc. Nonetheless, researchers argue that student’s success in college mathematics doesn’t fully depend on CPMP curriculum. Other factors, as, for example, student’s attentiveness, readiness to participate in learning process, self-awareness, classroom environment, play their important role in student’s high school mathematics performance. With guidance from educators, researchers and teachers, curriculum developers will be able to build on stronger patters of student outcomes. References Schoen, H. L. , Hirsch, Ch. R. (2003). Responding to Calls for Change in High School Mathematics: Implications for Collegiate Mathematics. The Mathematical Association of America Monthly, February, pp. 109-123. Available on-line from http://www. jstor. org/stable/3647770 .

The Nature of the Law of Nature :: Philosophy Science Essays

The Nature of the Law of Nature Humans are complex beings. They adapt, learn, have intelligence and free will, can reason, feel emotions, and have a conscience. Although such qualities and attributes raise humans above the rest of other life forms, it is questionable as to where the idea of a conscience and emotions come from. What exactly is it that stimulates our responses to certain situations and problems? The answer lies in human nature. What we as humans feel is right or wrong is somehow dictated by something beyond merely the individual. The underlying question, therefore, becomes what that outside influence is: nature, our inherent human qualities themselves, or some man-made composite of other people and experiences? In more specific terms, the question is whether or not our morality and our adherence to a moral code is something fixed and constant throughout humanity itself. Francis Bacon stated that nature must first be obeyed before it can be put to use, and the same concept applies to humans. Before an y judgment can be made about people, groups, ideas, or beliefs, one must first have a standard to compare this behavior to. If there is no real Law of Nature, then no standard is set, and one thing cannot be compared to another because the standard is only set by opinion, not by fact. In reality, the Law of Nature is a reality which is independent of man-made ideas, although the way in which humans think is definitely influenced by the environment. Let us first address the issue of the impact of the environment on a person’s moral development. In Bonfire of the Vanities, author Tom Wolfe quotes physiologist Josà © Delgado, saying that â€Å"each person is a transitory composite of materials borrowed from the environment† (Wolfe 512). This concept is significant because it demonstrates that people take from the environment certain aspects which eventually come to mold their characters. The idea of a composite also shows that we are not merely independent individuals, but, as O’Malley describes, we are social beings (O’Malley 104). However, this does not mean that our inherent human nature is dictated by the environment; remember, Delgado says that the composite is transitory. If each person is not constant, then that person’s instincts do not change, merely his own rationale. C.S. Lewis described the scenario of a man who sees a drowning person and has two instincts: to help him or to go on, a nd usually the instinct which is more self-protective is stronger (Lewis Ch.

Death penalty/capital punishment

It makes people think twice about their actions, instil fear evidence Michael Summers, PhD, MBA, Professor of Management Science at Pepperdine University, wrote in his Nov. 2, 2007 article â€Å"Capital Punishment Works† in the Wall Street Journal: â€Å"†¦ [O]ur recent research shows that each execution carried out is correlated with about 74 fewer murders the following year†¦ The study examined the relationship between the number of executions and the number of murders in the U. S. for the 26-year period from 1979 to 2004, using data from publicly available FBI sources†¦ There seems to be an obvious negative correlation in that when executions increase, murders decrease, and when executions decrease, murders increase†¦ Paul H. Rubin, PhD, Professor of Economics at Emory University â€Å"Recent research on the relationship between capital punishment and homicide has created a consensus among most economists who have studied the issue that capital punishment deters murder. Early studies from the 1970s and 1980s reached conflicting results. However, recent studies have exploited better data and more sophisticated statistical techniques. The modern refereed studies have consistently shown that capital punishment has a strong deterrent effect, with each execution deterring between 3 and 18 murders†¦ 2) Justice for the victim is achieved only through the death penalty. Refutation, opposition says it does not bring justice because mistakenly convict the innocent person With the life sentence the criminal somehow still gets back on the streets and then might kill again. The people who survive need a peace of mind that the person who committed the crime can never come after them again. ife sentence does not work out; the judicial system gives a person life sentence but somehow they get back on the streets and statistics show that nearly 30 convicted killers released from jail over the past 10 years have gone on to kill again thanks to the â€Å"fair† judicial system. Evidence Frederick A. Romano remembers his mother's panic-filled voice as she talked to his father, of himself grabbing the phone only to hear hi s father tell him that his older sister had been hurt. â€Å"It's justice,† Fred Romano said. â€Å"It's not revenge. † His wife, Vicki Romano, agreed, then elaborated. â€Å"Revenge would be going out and killing one of [the murderer's] family members,† Vicki Romano said. â€Å"The death penalty isn't revenge. It's the law. † FactsMarch 31st, 2009| | There are many reasons the death penalty should be abolished. It is a complex issue and it is difficult to point to any single fact or argument as the most important. 1) Executions are carried out at staggering cost to taxpayers. It costs far more to execute a person than to keep him or her in prison for life. A 2011 study found that California has spent more than $4 billion on capital punishment since it was reinstated in 1978 and that death penalty trials are 20 times more expensive than trials seeking a sentence of life in prison without possibility of parole. California currently spends $184 million on the death penalty each year and is on track to spend $1 billion in the next five years. 2) There is no credible evidence that capital punishment deters crime. Scientific studies have consistently failed to demonstrate that executions deter people from committing crime anymore than long prison sentences. Moreover, states without the death penalty have much lower murder rates. The South accounts for 80% of US executions and has the highest regional murder rate. 3) Innocent people have been convicted and executed. The wrongful execution of an innocent person is an injustice that can never be rectified. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty, 140 men and women have been released from Death Row nationally†¦. some only minutes away from execution. Moreover, in the past two years evidence has come to light which indicates that four men may have been wrongfully EXECUTED in recent years for crimes they did not commit. This error rate is simply appalling, and completely unacceptable, when we are talking about life and death. 4) Race plays a role in determining who lives and who dies. The race of the victim and the race of the defendant in capital cases are major factors in determining who is sentenced to die in this country. In 1990 a report from the General Accounting Office concluded that â€Å"in 82 percent of the studies [reviewed], race of the victim was found to influence the likelihood of being charged with capital murder or receiving the death penalty, i. . those who murdered whites were more likely to be sentenced to death than those who murdered blacks. † 5) The death penalty is applied at random. Politics, quality of legal counsel and the jurisdiction where a crime is committed are more often the determining factors in a death penalty case than the facts of the crime itself. The death penalty is a lethal lottery: of the 22,000 homicides committed every year approximately 150 peopl e are sentenced to death. 7) The USA is keeping company with notorious human rights abusers. The vast majority of countries in Western Europe, North America and South America — more than 139 nations worldwide — have abandoned capital punishment in law or in practice. The United States remains in the same company as Iraq, Iran and China as one of the major advocates and users of capital punishment. 8) Millions currently spent on the death penalty could be used to assist the families of murder victims. Many family members who have lost love ones to murder feel that the death penalty will not heal their wounds nor will it end their pain; the extended process prior to executions can prolong the agony experienced by the family. Funds now being used for the costly process of executions could be used to help families put their lives back together through counseling, restitution, crime victim hotlines, and other services addressing their needs. 9) Bad Lawyers are a Persistent Problem in Capital Cases Perhaps the most important factor in determining whether a defendant will receive the death penalty is the quality of the representation he or she is provided. Almost all defendants in capital cases cannot afford their own attorneys. In many cases, the appointed attorneys are overworked, underpaid, or lacking the trial experience required for death penalty cases. There have even been instances in which lawyers appointed to a death case were so inexperienced that they were completely unprepared for the sentencing phase of the trial. Other appointed attorneys have slept through parts of the trial, or arrived at the court under the influence of alcohol. 10) Life Without Parole is a Sensible Alternative to the Death Penalty In every state that retains the death penalty, jurors have the option of sentencing convicted capital murderers to life in prison without the possibility of parole. The sentence is cheaper to tax-payers and keeps violent offenders off the streets for good. Unlike the death penalty, a sentence of Life Without Parole also allows mistakes to be corrected. There are currently over 3,300 people in California who have received this alternative sentence, which also has a more limited appeals process last approximately 3 years. According to the California Governor's Office, only seven people sentenced to life without parole have been released since the state provided for this option in 1977, and this occurred because they were able to prove their innocence.

Media violence: Pointing at the wrong culprit

Nowadays, violence in the streets is becoming commonplace. Headlines are screaming of assaults and other senseless crimes. Thus, it is necessary to understand what causes violence to minimize, if not stop, its prevalence in society. In this age of technology, media is very influential among people because of its global reach. Thus, there have been arguments that media violence translates to societal violence. Through the years, there has been an increase in the quantity of violence, and media has been transforming to a more sexual, graphic, and sadistic media. Because of the technological development, bullets exploding in people's brains were seen in slow motion in movies. Wrestling fans cheer over hard-hitting action, and one particular video game's, Grand Theft Auto, goal is murdering as many people as possible. Moreover, extremely violent lyrics are common in music. The Web makes access to all these kinds of media easily accessible as well as contains violent materials (Vidal, Clemente, & Espinosa, 2003). The presence of cruelty in different types of media means that it is appealing to people. Violence is incorporated to media because it is what â€Å"sells† to people. The question now is, Does it cause societal violence? Many believe that people exposed to violence in the media have a more aggressive behavior. Media has been accused of teaching children how to kill people. However, the actual connection between media and violence is yet to be established (Bushman & Anderson, 2001), and some researchers believe that blaming media is only one way for others who refuse to believe that the actual violence is seen at home and in the community. Indeed, guns, drugs, alcohol, and poverty heavily influence youth, much more than media does. Those who are believed to be influenced by media live in ghetto cities where people mostly are in the low socioeconomic bracket and belong to the minority groups. A common factor among these people is the presence of abuse and violence, even before the media became a part of the popular culture. Rap music, accused for its violent lyrics, originated from these areas, a reflection of the experiences of those who created the music. Artists of metal music are said to incite violent tendencies among youth, and Marilyn Manson was blamed for the Columbine shooting. Similar to rappers, metal music artists usually had poor upbringing and exposed to violence throughout their childhood. Cases against the rock bands claiming that they are responsible for influencing the violence in teenagers were dismissed because the teenagers were under the influence of drugs and, similarly to most artists, have depressing lives. In reality, music does not cause violence; rather, musicians are only expressing the violence that they experienced in the society.Approximately 90% of violent youths were exposed to violence at homes, were abused, and have depressing lives, even before they learned how to listen to music. As regards movies depicting violent scenes, these only slightly increase aggression (Freedman, 2002). Similarly to music, movies only emulate reality, and the graphics only help to make films as â€Å"real life† as possible. Again, it is the poor home environment that raises a violent child. As an example, movies, animes, and video games in Japan are more violent than in the United States, but are there any reported incidents of shootings by teenagers at school? None. Furthermore, there are less incidence of crimes committed by teenagers. Indeed, violence in society is rapidly rising, but people should not point their fingers at the wrong culprit—media. Media violence does not cause societal violence; rather, violence is only portrayed in media. Although it is true that violence in media increases aggression in children, ultimately, proper upbringing is essential to ensure that a child does not grow to be a violent person. Instead of focusing on media violence, people should focus on the real problem—poverty, drugs and alcohol, loose gun laws, and domestic violence. References Bushman, B. & Anderson, C. (2001). Media violence and the American public: Scientific fact versus media misinformation. American Psychologist, 56(6–7), 477–489. Freedman, J. (2002). Media violence and its effect on aggression: Assessing the scientific evidence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Vidal, M.A., Clemente, M., & Espinosa, P. (2003). Types of media violence and degree of acceptance in